What’s in a Name? – Appendices

Appendix 1

Lincoln’s Use of Common Names for the War

YEAR	CIVIL WAR	INSURRECTION	REBELLION
1861	3 (12 %)	13    (52%)	9 (36%)
1862	6 (21.4%)	9     (32.1)	13 (46.4%)
1863	9 (17.6%)	8 (15.7%)	34 (66.7%)
1864	5 (13.9%)	4 (11.1%)	27 (75%)
1865	1 (16.7 %)	0 (0 %)	5 (83.3%)
Total	24 (16.4%)	34 (23.3%)	88 (60.3%)

Compiled through a key-word searches of the online version of the Collected Work of Abraham Lincoln (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/).

Appendix 2

Usage in Southern Historical Papers

Years	Civil War	War Between the States	Confederate War	Late war	War	War of Secession	War of 1861-65	Revolution
1876-1886	98	55	12	108	1472	7	15	17
1887-1998	149	61	9	62	1391	1	16	29
1899-1910	194	90	19	9	1357	9	9	13
Total	441	206	40	179	4220	17	40	59

Compiled by a key-word search of CD-ROM by Eastern Digital Resources.

 

Appendix 3

Usage Documented in the Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada

New England

Name Given	% of total (n=412)	% of old (n = 293)	% of middle-aged (n=119)	% with little formal education (n=148)	% with better education (usually high school) (n=213)	% with superior education (usually college) (n=51)
Civil War	76.2	75	79	69.6	78.9	86.3
Rebellion	13.4	13.8	12.6	17.6	12.77	3.9
War of Rebellion	4.4	5.8	.8	4.7	5.3	7.8
Others	6.1	5.3	7.5	8.2	3.3	3.9

The New England survey published a handbook along with six oversized volumes that present its findings by placing each respondent’s response on maps showing the geographic location of the respondent. Data on the Civil War appears in vol. 3, map 551.  No totals are provided.  A research assistant went through the maps to get the name of the war and the introductory volume to find the age and educational level of the informant.  All of this information was entered into a database and SPSS used to produce cross-tabulations.   Hans Karuth, et. al. The Linguist Atlas of New England (1 handbook, 3 vols. in 6, Providence, R.I., 1939-1943).

 

Upper Midwest

Name Given (n=256)	% of total
Civil War	87.9
War of the Rebellion	2.7
Rebellion	1.2
War Between the States	1.2
War of the States	.8
War of ‘61	.4
No response	5.9

The upper-Midwest survey simply listed the names given in response to the question followed by a list of the respondents’ by their numbers.  I counted those.   Harold B. Allen, The Linguistic Atlas of the Upper Midwest (3 vols. Minneapolis, Minn., 1973-76), 1, 381.

 

Mid-Atlantic and Border States

Name given	% in Mid-Atlantic states (n= 502)	% in Border states (n=208)
Civil War	68.5	75.5
Rebellion	8.8	3.8
War of Rebellion	8.4	.5
War Between the States	2.6	4.3
The War	2.4	.5
Other	4.8	7.7
No response	4.6	7.7

What I have divided as the Mid-Atlantic, Border, and South Atlantic States are all part of the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States.  That project published a volume describing the project, William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., ed. Handbook of the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States, (Chicago, Il., 1994), and has a website.  Its director William Kretzschmer, very helpfully provided me an Excel file on respondents’ answers to the question on the war and demographic data on each of them.  I then subdivided the file into the following regions, Mid-Atlantic (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania), the Border states (West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia), and the South Atlantic (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida).

 

South Atlantic States

Overall totals

Name given	% of respondents (n=1067)
Civil War	36.3
Confederate War	19.1
War Between the States	14.7
The War	10.3
Other	13.7
No response	5.9

 

By era

Name given	%  in 1940 and earlier (n=484)	% in 1941 through 1963 (n=498)	% in 1964 and later (n=85)
Civil War	46.3	26.1	38.8
Confederate War	22.7	16.7	12.9
War Between the States	11	17.1	22.4
The War	2.9	18.1	8.2
Others	7.6	19.3	14.1
No response	9.5	2.8	3.5

 

By gender

Name give	% of females (n=429)	% of males (n=638)
Civil War	42	32.4
Confederate War	17.1	20.5
War Between the States	14.2	15.1
The War	7.7	12.1
Other	12.8	14.3
No response	6.3	5.6

 

By occupation

Name given	% of middle and upper class (n=236)	% of workers (n=70)	% of farmers (n=386)	% of farm workers (n=6)
Civil War	31.8	27.1	33.9	66.7
Confederate War	12.3	15.7	24.9	16.7
War Between the States	21.2	14.3	12.2
The War	12.3	14.3	11.4	16.7
Other	19.1	17.1	11.9
No response	3.4	11.4	5.7

 

By those judged by the interviewers to have been cultured

Name given	% of those considered cultured (n=207)	% of those judged not cultured (n=860)
Civil War	35.3	36.5
Confederate War	12.1	20.8
War Between the States	21.7	13
The War	13	9.7
Other	15	13.4
No response	2.9	6.6

For source of data see Table 6.  Totals differ for occupation because I did not include students, those seeking work, and those described as keeping house or private household workers since these categories do not fully reveal the status of the people involved.

Gulf South States

Name given	% of total (n=1,279)
Civil War	55.3
War Between the States	19.8
Confederate War	5.2
War Between the North and South	1.6
Other names	7.4
No response	10.7

 

	% of White  (n=860)	% of Black (n=175)	Female (n=488)	Male (n=556)	Lower class (n=161)	Lower middle class (n=-404)	Lower upper class (n=376)	Upper class (n=103)
Civil War	66.9	73.7	65.7	68.9	78.9	68.6	63.6	59.2
War Between the States	26.9	12.6	25.4	23.2	11.2	22	28.7	36.9
Confederate War	5.8	9.1	2.3	1.8	9.9	6.4	5.9	1.9
War Between the North and South	.47	4.6	2.3	1.8	0	3	1.9	1.9

The numbers for all responses were compiled form a list of names in in Lee Pederson, ed., Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States (7 vols., Athens, Ga., 1986-), 3, 313-14.  For key and listing of the four most common names with demographic breakdowns, see 6, xviii and 215.  Total numbers vary from those in each category because in race, gender, and class “no response”s were not counted.